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Lithium Iron Phosphate

Lithium Iron Phosphate

The lithium iron phosphate battery is a type of rechargeable battery based on the original lithium ion chemistry, created by the use of Iron (Fe) as a cathode material. LiFePO4 cells have a higher discharge current, do not explode under extreme conditions and weigh less but have lower voltage and energy density than normal Li-ion cells.

Iron (Fe) is an intrinsically safer cathode material than Cobalt (Co). The Fe-P-O bond is stronger than the Co-O bond so that when abused (short circuited, overheated, etc.) the oxygen atoms are much harder to remove. This stabilization of the redox energies also helps fast ion migration. Only under extreme heating, generally over 800C, does breakdown occur which prevents the thermal runaway that typical Li-Ion cells are prone to.

LiFePO4 is highly resilient during oxygen loss which typically results in an exothermic reaction in other lithium cells. No PCM needed, but recommended to maintain cycle life and capacity.

  • Multiple Cell Sizes Available
Typical Performance Characteristics of Lithium Phosphate Batteries
Operational Battery Voltage 3.65 to 2.0 Volts
Specific Energy 100 to 120 Wh/Kg
Energy Density 135 to 150 Wh/L
Power Density 200 to 450 W/Kg
Continuous Rate Capability Typical: 30C
High Rate 50C
Pulse Rate Capability Up to 100C
Cycle Life at 100% DOD Typically 1200
Calendar Life 3 – 5 years
Self Discharge Rate 0.3% / month
Operable Temperature Range -20C to 60C
Operable Charge Temperature Range 0C to 55C
Memory Effect None

 

Note: Characteristics can change according to improvements in chemistry or special niche requirements.

Advantages

  • Extremely High Rate Capability
  • Safer Lithium Battery
  • Good storage characteristics
  • Good High Temp performance

Typical Application

  • Power Tools
  • Electric Vehicle applications
  • Autoclave devices
  • Industrial lighting
  • Backup systems
  • Medical devices
  • Industrial electronics
  • Consumer electronics